Slovakia
Opensignal is the independent global standard for analyzing consumers' connectivity experiences. Our industry reports are the definitive guide to understanding what happens when people use their mobile and broadband connections in their daily life.
Slovakia
Opensignal is the independent global standard for analyzing consumers' connectivity experiences. Our industry reports are the definitive guide to understanding what happens when people use their mobile and broadband connections in their daily life.
Key Findings
Slovak Telekom users enjoy the most consistent experience in Slovakia
Slovak Telekom is the new winner of the Consistent Quality award, replacing Orange. Slovak Telekom wins with a score of 85.9% and a lead of one percentage point over second-placed Orange's 85.2%. O2 isn’t far behind given its score of 84.5%, while 4ka is last with 73.8%. However, 4ka’s score has improved the most since the last report — a rise of five percentage points, while our O2 users saw the next largest, an improvement of three percentage points. Consistent Quality measures if the network is sufficient to support common mobile application requirements at a level that is ‘good enough’ for users to maintain (or complete) various typical demanding tasks on their devices. In addition to winning Consistent Quality, Slovak Telekom is a joint winner for Reliability Experience, alongside Orange.
O2 catches Slovak Telekom on Upload Speed Experience
O2 is now a joint winner for Upload Speed Experience alongside Slovak Telekom — the outright winner in the last report. The two operators share the award with statistically tied scores of 15.3-15.4Mbps and a lead of around 3Mbps over third-placed Orange's 12.4Mbps. O2’s joint win is due to our users on its network seeing the largest improvement in their average overall upload speeds from the previous report — a rise of 3Mbps, while Slovak Telekom’s improved by 1Mbps.
Slovak Telecom users experience the fastest average 5G speeds
Slovak Telekom is the outright winner of both 5G speed awards — 5G Download Speed and 5G Upload Speed. It wins the former with a score of 174.4Mbps and a lead of 8Mbps over second-placed Orange's 166.8Mbps. Slovak Telekom’s victory is due to a 33Mbps rise in its score, causing it to overtake the previous winner, Orange, despite a rise of 6Mbps in Orange’s score from the last report. Slovak Telekom also keeps hold of the 5G Upload Speed award, winning it this time with a score of 46.6Mbps. This gives it a lead of 14Mbps over second-placed Orange's 32.9Mbps.
O2 and Slovak Telekom draw level with Orange on Availability
Orange, Slovak Telekom and O2 win the Availability award jointly with statistically tied scores of 96.2-96.7% and a lead of around eight percentage points over fourth-placed 4ka's 88.9%. This is a change from the previous report, when Orange won the award outright. Availability is the proportion of time our users spend with a mobile broadband connection — 3G or better.
Slovak Telekom users have the best experience when playing multiplayer mobile games over cellular connections — both overall and on 5G
Slovak Telekom wins both the overall Games Experience and 5G Games Experience awards outright. It is also the only Slovakian operator to place in the Excellent (85 or above) category for Games Experience, with the others placing one category lower, in Good (75-85). Slovak Telekom keeps hold of the Games Experience award from the last report, winning it this time with a score of 86.3 points on a 100-point scale and a lead of four points over second-placed O2's 82.3 points. In addition, Slovak Telekom has gone from being a joint winner for 5G Games Experience alongside O2 to winning it outright with a score of 91.6 points on a 100-point scale and a lead of two points over second-placed O2's 89.1 points.
Mobile Experience Awards
Market Overview
Slovak Telekom has the largest haul of awards this time around, winning five outright and four jointly for a total of nine. Orange has the next largest collection, with three outright wins and two joint ones. O2 is a joint winner in three categories — Upload Speed Experience, Availability and 5G Availability — and is in second place for Games Experience, 5G Games Experience and 5G Video Experience (tied with 4ka and Slovak Telekom). In contrast, 4ka walks away without any awards — either outright or jointly — and is mostly in last place.
In October 2024, O2 changed owners due to the sale of PPF Group’s assets in Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia and Slovakia to e&. The following month, O2 announced that its 5G population coverage had risen to 84.9% as of late October 2024, with 1,760 locations covered. The operator also said in January 2025 that it has relaxed data speed restrictions for customers on its most popular Carefree O2 package and doubled the data consumption threshold at which it reduces speeds — from 200GB to 400GB. As we report on the real-world experience of our users and this change was announced late in this report's data collection period, O2's scores for our speed metrics have been influenced by the speed restrictions that have recently been relaxed.
In December, 4ka announced that its 5G population coverage had risen to more than 25%. The operator later said in January 2025 that its 4G population coverage has increased to over 97%.
In this report we examine the mobile network experience of the four main mobile network operators in Slovakia — 4ka, O2, Orange and Slovak Telekom — over a period of 90 days starting on November 1, 2024, and ending on January 29, 2025, to see how they fared.
Overall Experience
National Analysis
Orange is now the outright winner of the Video Experience award — a change from the last report when Orange shared it with Slovak Telekom. Orange wins with a score of 72 points on a 100-point scale and a lead of two points over second-placed Slovak Telekom's 70.4 points. O2 comes third with a score of 68.3 points, while 4ka is further behind with a score of 60.5 points.
Orange's score has increased by two points from that seen in the previous report, while Slovak Telekom's score has risen by one point. 4ka's and O2's scores have not changed by a statistically significant amount.
Orange, Slovak Telekom and O2 place in the Very Good (68-78) category, while 4ka places one category lower, in Good (58-68).
A Very Good (68-78) rating means that our users are, on average, able to stream video at 1080p or better with satisfactory loading times and little stalling. A Good (58-68) rating means that our users are, on average, able to stream video at 720p or better with satisfactory loading times and little stalling.
Video Experience scores account for adaptive bitrate streaming (ABR), a technology that allows Opensignal to accurately represent users' real video experience including video streams up to 4K quality.
Definitions
Opensignal’s Video Experience quantifies the quality of video streamed to mobile devices by measuring real-world video streams over an operator's networks. The metric is based on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach, built upon detailed studies which have derived a relationship between technical parameters, including picture quality, video loading time and stall rate, with the perceived video experience as reported by real people. To calculate video experience, we are directly measuring video streams from end-user devices and using this ITU approach to quantify the overall video experience for each operator on a scale from 0 to 100. The videos tested include a mixture of resolutions — including Full HD (FHD) and 4K / Ultra HD (UHD) — and are streamed directly from the world’s largest video content providers.
In addition to Video Experience, we report on the following metrics related to video experience:
- 5G Video Experience: The average Video Experience of Opensignal users when they were connected to an operator’s 5G network.
- Video Experience – 5G Users: The average Video Experience of Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription across an operator's networks. It factors in 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G video experience along with the availability of each technology.
- 4G Video Experience: The average Video Experience of Opensignal users on an operator's 4G network.
- 3G Video Experience: The average Video Experience of Opensignal users on an operator’s 3G network.
National Analysis
Slovak Telekom keeps hold of the Games Experience award, winning it this time with a score of 86.3 points on a 100-point scale and a lead of four points over second-placed O2's 82.3 points. Orange comes third with a score of 78.3 points, while 4ka is last with 75.7 points.
However, 4ka's score has increased the most compared to the last report, rising by seven points. Slovak Telekom’s and O2 's scores improved by three points and two points, respectively. In contrast, Orange's score has dropped by three points.
Slovak Telekom places in the Excellent (85 or above) category, while Orange, 4ka and O2 place one category lower, in Good (75-85).
An Excellent (85 or above) rating means that the vast majority of users deem this network experience acceptable. Nearly all users feel like they have control over the game and they receive immediate feedback on their actions. There is not a noticeable delay in almost all cases. A Good (75-85) rating means that most users deem the experience acceptable. The gameplay experience is generally controllable and the user receives immediate feedback between their actions and the outcomes in the game. Most users do not experience a delay between their actions and the game.
Definitions
Opensignal’s Games Experience measures how mobile users experience real-time multiplayer mobile gaming on an operator’s network. Measured on a scale of 0-100, it analyzes how our users’ multiplayer mobile gaming experience is affected by mobile network conditions including latency, packet loss and jitter.
Games Experience quantifies the experience when playing real-time multiplayer mobile games on mobile devices connected to servers located around the world. The approach is built on several years of research quantifying the relationship between technical network parameters and the gaming experience as reported by real mobile users. These parameters include latency (round trip time), jitter (variability of latency) and packet loss (the proportion of data packets that never reach their destination). Additionally, it considers multiple genres of multiplayer mobile games to measure the average sensitivity to network conditions. The games tested include some of the most popular real-time multiplayer mobile games (such as Fortnite, Pro Evolution Soccer and Arena of Valor) played around the world.
Calculating Games Experience starts with measuring the end-to-end experience from users’ devices to internet end-points that host real games. The score is then measured on a scale from 0 to 100.
In addition to Games Experience, we report on the following metrics related to games experience:
- 5G Games Experience: The average Games Experience of Opensignal users when they were connected to an operator’s 5G network.
- Games Experience – 5G Users: The average Games Experience of Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription across an operator's networks. It factors in 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G games experience along with the availability of each technology.
- 4G Games Experience: The average Games Experience of Opensignal users on an operator's 4G network.
- 3G Games Experience: The average Games Experience of Opensignal users on an operator's 3G (e.g. UMTS/HSPA or CDMA 1X EV-DO) network.
National Analysis
As our Orange users now observe the fastest overall average download speeds in Slovakia, Orange is the new winner of the Download Speed Experience. It replaces Slovak Telekom, which won the award in the previous report. Orange wins with a score of 61.9Mbps and a lead of 3Mbps over second-placed Slovak Telekom's 59.3Mbps. O2 comes third with a score of 36.9Mbps, while 4ka is last with 22.7Mbps.
All four operators’ scores have risen from those seen in the last report. Orange users have seen the largest improvement followed by those on O2, with increases of 8Mbps and 6Mbps, respectively. 4ka's score has risen by 4Mbps, while Slovak Telekom's has improved by 3Mbps.
Definitions
Measured in Mbps, Download Speed Experience represents the typical everyday speeds a user experiences across an operator’s mobile data networks.
In addition to Download Speed Experience, we report on the following metrics related to download speeds:
- 5G Download Speed: The average download speed observed by Opensignal users with active 5G connections.
- Download Speed Experience – 5G Users: The average download speeds experienced by Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription across an operator’s networks. It factors in 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G download speeds along with the availability of each technology.
- 4G Download Speed: The average downlink speed observed by Opensignal users when they were connected to 4G.
- 3G Download Speed: The average downlink speed observed by Opensignal users when they were connected to 3G (e.g. UMTS/HSPA or CDMA 1X EV-DO).
National Analysis
O2 is now a joint winner for Upload Speed Experience alongside Slovak Telekom — the outright winner in the last report. The two operators share the award with statistically tied scores of 15.3-15.4Mbps and a lead of around 3Mbps over third-placed Orange's 12.4Mbps. 4ka comes fourth with a score of 10.6Mbps.
The average overall upload speeds experienced by our O2 users have improved the most from the previous report — a rise of 3Mbps. 4ka is next with a rise of 2Mbps, while Slovak Telekom's score has increased by 1Mbps. Orange's score has not changed by a statistically significant amount since the previous report.
Definitions
Upload Speed Experience measures the average upload speeds for each operator observed by our users across their mobile data networks. Typically upload speeds are slower than download speeds, as current mobile broadband technologies focus resources on providing the best possible download speed for users consuming content on their devices. As mobile internet trends move away from downloading content to creating content and supporting real-time communications services, upload speeds are becoming more vital and new technologies are emerging that boost upstream capacity.
In addition to Upload Speed Experience, we report on five supporting metrics related to upload speeds:
- 5G Upload Speed: The average upload speed observed by Opensignal users with active 5G connections.
- Upload Speed Experience – 5G Users: The average upload speeds experienced by Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription across an operator’s networks. It factors in 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G upload speeds along with the availability of each technology.
- 4G Upload Speed: The average uplink speed observed by Opensignal users when they were connected to 4G.
- 3G Upload Speed: The average uplink speed observed by Opensignal users when they were connected to 3G (e.g. UMTS/HSPA or CDMA 1X EV-DO).
5G Experience
National Analysis
Orange is the new outright winner of the 5G Video Experience award, a change from the last report when the award was shared between 4ka and O2. This means that our Orange users have the best available experience when streaming on-demand video over 5G connections. Orange wins with a score of 78.3 points on a 100-point scale and a lead of around two points over second-placed Slovak Telekom's, 4ka's and O2's statistically tied scores of 76.5-76.7 points.
Both Orange's and Slovak Telekom’s scores have increased by three points from those seen in the last report. 4ka's and O2's scores haven't changed by a statistically significant amount.
Orange places in the Excellent (78 or above) category, while Slovak Telekom, 4ka and O2 place one category lower, in Very Good (68-78).
An Excellent (78 or above) rating means that our users are, on average, able to stream video at 1080p or better with fast loading times and no stalling when connected to 5G. A Very Good (68-78) rating means that our users are, on average, able to stream video at 1080p or better with satisfactory loading times and little stalling.
5G Video Experience scores account for adaptive bitrate streaming (ABR), a technology that allows Opensignal to accurately represent users' real video experience including video streams up to 4K quality.
Definitions
5G Video Experience quantifies the quality of mobile video experienced by Opensignal users on real-world video streams when they were connected to 5G. The metric is based on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach, built upon detailed studies which have derived a relationship between technical parameters, including picture quality, video loading time and stall rate, with the perceived video experience as reported by real people. To calculate 5G Video Experience, we are directly measuring video streams from end-user devices and using this ITU approach to quantify the video experience observed by our users on each operator’s 5G network on a scale from 0 to 100. The videos tested include a mixture of resolutions — including Full HD (FHD) and 4K / Ultra HD (UHD) — and are streamed directly from the world’s largest video content providers.
National Analysis
Slovak Telekom now wins the 5G Games Experience award outright — a change from the last report when it shared the award with O2 due to a statistical tie. This means that our Slovak Telekom users have the best available experience when playing multiplayer mobile games over 5G connections. Slovak Telekom wins with a score of 91.6 points on a 100-point scale and a lead of two points over second-placed O2's 89.1 points. Orange and 4ka share third place with statistically tied scores of 85.3-86.4 points.
All operators place in the Excellent (85 or above) category. This means that the vast majority of users deem this 5G network experience acceptable. Nearly all users feel like they have control over the game and they receive immediate feedback on their actions. There is not a noticeable delay in almost all cases.
Definitions
5G Games Experience measures how mobile users experience real-time multiplayer mobile gaming on an operator's 5G network. It analyzes how our users’ multiplayer mobile gaming experience was affected by mobile network conditions including latency, packet loss and jitter. 5G Games Experience for each operator is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100.
5G Games Experience quantifies the experience when playing real-time multiplayer mobile games on mobile devices connected to servers located around the world. The approach is built on several years of research quantifying the relationship between technical network parameters and the gaming experience as reported by real mobile users. These parameters include latency (round trip time), jitter (variability of latency) and packet loss (the proportion of data packets that never reach their destination). Additionally, it considers multiple genres of multiplayer mobile games to measure the average sensitivity to network conditions. The games tested include some of the most popular real-time multiplayer mobile games (such as Fortnite, Pro Evolution Soccer and Arena of Valor) played around the world. Calculating 5G Games Experience starts with measuring the end-to-end experience from users’ devices to internet end-points that host real games.
National Analysis
Our Slovak Telekom users observe the fastest average 5G download speeds — a change from the last report, when our Orange users did. This means that Slovak Telekom is the new winner of the 5G Download Speed award. It wins with a score of 174.4Mbps and a lead of 8Mbps over second-placed Orange's 166.8Mbps. 4ka comes third with a score of 145.8Mbps, while O2 is fourth with 133.5Mbps.
Slovak Telekom's score has increased the most from the last report, a rise of 33Mbps. O2 is next with an improvement of 16Mbps, while Orange's has risen by 6Mbps. 4ka's score hasn't changed by a statistically significant amount since the previous report.
Definitions
5G Download Speed shows the average download speed experienced by Opensignal users across an operator’s 5G network. 5G Download Speed for each operator is calculated in Mbps (Megabits per second).
National Analysis
Slovak Telekom keeps hold of the 5G Upload Speed award outright, winning it this time with a score of 46.6Mbps. This gives it a lead of 14Mbps over second-placed Orange's 32.9Mbps. O2 is third with a score of 28.4Mbps, while 4ka is last with 25.3Mbps.
Slovak Telekom's score has increased by 12Mbps compared to that seen in the last report, while 4ka's score has risen by 6Mbps. Orange's score has improved by 3Mbps, while O2's score hasn't changed by a statistically significant amount since the previous report.
Definitions
5G Upload Speed measures the average upload speeds experienced by Opensignal users across an operator’s 5G network. 5G Upload Speed for each operator is calculated in Mbps (Megabits per second).
Coverage
National Analysis
Orange, Slovak Telekom and O2 win the Availability award jointly with statistically tied scores of 96.2-96.7% and a lead of around eight percentage points over fourth-placed 4ka's 88.9%. This is a change from the previous report, when Orange won the award outright.
4ka's score has improved the most from the previous report — a rise of three percentage points. Slovak Telekom's score has improved by one percentage point, while Orange's score has dropped by the same amount. O2's score hasn't changed by a statistically significant amount since the previous report.
Definitions
Our availability metrics are not a measure of a network’s geographical extent. They won’t tell you whether you are likely to get a signal if you plan to visit a remote rural or nearly uninhabited region. Instead, they measure what proportion of time people have a network connection, in the places they most commonly frequent — something often missed by traditional coverage metrics. Looking at when users have a connection rather than where, provides us with a more precise reflection of the true user experience.
We also keep track of the instances that leave mobile users most frustrated: when there is no signal to connect to at all. The most common dead zones users struggle with occur indoors. As most of our availability data is collected indoors (as that’s where users spend most of their time), we’re particularly astute at detecting areas of zero signal.
Our availability metrics take a user-centric, time-based approach that complements the user-centric and geographical-based methodology used by our reach metrics.
Availability shows the proportion of time all Opensignal users on an operator’s network had either a 3G, 4G or 5G connection.
National Analysis
O2 remains a joint winner of the 5G Availability award from the last report, while Slovak Telekom has joined it on the winners’ podium, replacing Orange. Slovak Telekom and O2 share the award with statistically tied scores of 13.3-13.4% and a lead of around two percentage points over third-placed Orange's 11.4%. 4ka comes fourth with a score of 6.6%.
Both Slovak Telekom's and 4ka’s scores have increased by three percentage points from those seen in the last report. Orange's and O2's scores haven't changed by a statistically significant amount since the previous report.
Definitions
Our availability metrics are not a measure of a network’s geographical extent. They won’t tell you whether you are likely to get a signal if you plan to visit a remote rural or nearly uninhabited region. Instead, they measure what proportion of time people have a network connection, in the places they most commonly frequent — something often missed by traditional coverage metrics. Looking at when users have a connection rather than where, provides us with a more precise reflection of the true user experience.
We also keep track of the instances that leave mobile users most frustrated: when there is no signal to connect to at all. The most common dead zones users struggle with occur indoors. As most of our availability data is collected indoors (as that’s where users spend most of their time), we’re particularly astute at detecting areas of zero signal.
Our availability metrics take a user-centric, time-based approach that complements the user-centric and geographical-based methodology used by our reach metrics.
5G Availability shows the proportion of time Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription had an active 5G connection.
Consistency
National Analysis
Slovak Telekom is the new winner of the Consistent Quality award, replacing the previous winner Orange. Slovak Telekom wins with a score of 85.9% and a lead of one percentage point over second-placed Orange's 85.2%. O2 comes third with a score of 84.5%, while 4ka is last with 73.8%.
4ka's score has increased by five percentage points from that seen last time around, while O2's score has improved by three percentage points. Slovak Telekom's has increased by one percentage point. Orange's score has decreased by less than one percentage point.
This metric measures if the network is sufficient to support common mobile application requirements at a level that is ‘good enough’ for users to maintain (or complete) various typical demanding tasks on their devices. It assesses a number of experience indicators such as download speed, upload speed, latency, jitter, packet loss, and time to first byte.
Definitions
Consistent Quality measures if the network is sufficient to support common mobile application requirements at a level that is ‘good enough’ for users to maintain (or complete) various typical tasks on their devices.
We combine different experience indicators such as download throughput, upload throughput, latency, jitter, packet discard, and time to first byte to calculate Consistent Quality. These components are evaluated against thresholds recommended by various more demanding common applications used for a range of common tasks.
To calculate the metric value, the proportion of tests that pass the requirements of Consistent Quality is multiplied by the test success ratio, which is the proportion of completed tests to all tests conducted. Tests that pass indicate that activities such as video calling, uploading an image to social media, or using smart home applications will be possible without noticeable lag or slowdown.
National Analysis
Orange and Slovak Telekom are joint winners of the Reliability Experience award with statistically tied scores of 917-921 points on a 100-1000 point scale and a lead of around nine points over third-placed O2's 910 points. 4ka comes fourth with a score of 846 points.
Opensignal’s Reliability Experience measures the ability of our users to connect to and successfully complete (basic) tasks on operators’ networks. It consists of the following components:
% time connected — The proportion of time Opensignal users can successfully connect to a mobile network
Data Connectivity — the proportion of time when the network is available and the device can connect to the internet
Task completion — whether tasks initiated by the user’s device are completed
Sufficiency — The probability that (basic) tasks will be executed sufficiently well for the user
Definitions
Opensignal’s Reliability Experience measures the ability of Opensignal users to connect to and successfully complete (basic) tasks on communication service providers’ (CSP) networks. It analyzes how much Opensignal users’ experience is affected by the radio access and core network, along with issues that prevent them from connecting to the internet even if they have a connection to their CSP’s network. It also factors in users’ ability to successfully use lower performance applications including SD video, over-the-top voice calls and web browsing.
Related Analysis
Our Methodology
Collecting billions of individual measurements daily from over 100 million devices globally, Opensignal independently analyzes mobile and broadband user experience on every major network operator around the globe.
About Opensignal
Opensignal is the leading global provider of independent insights into consumers' connectivity experiences and choice of carrier. Our proprietary insights into mobile and broadband networks give operators the solutions they need to profitably compete and win, from executive level scorecards and public validation to pin-point level engineering analytics and consumer decision dynamics.
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Confidence Intervals
For every metric we calculate statistical confidence intervals indicated on our graphs. When confidence intervals overlap, our measured results are too close to declare a winner. In those cases, we show a statistical draw. For this reason, some metrics have multiple operator winners.
In our bar graphs we represent confidence intervals as boundaries on either sides of graph bars.
In our supporting-metric charts we show confidence intervals as +/- numerical values.
Why confidence intervals are vital in analyzing mobile network experience