Opensignal is the independent global standard for analyzing consumers' connectivity experiences. Our industry reports are the definitive guide to understanding what happens when people use their mobile and broadband connections in their daily life.
Opensignal is the independent global standard for analyzing consumers' connectivity experiences. Our industry reports are the definitive guide to understanding what happens when people use their mobile and broadband connections in their daily life.
O2 is now the sole winner of the Consistent Quality award, replacing Slovak Telekom from the previous report. O2 leads the category with a score of 89.4%, around one percentage point ahead of Slovak Telekom and Orange. O2 recorded the largest improvement in this category, increasing by five percentage points since the last report.
Slovak Telekom takes over the Overall Experience awards, securing the Games Experience, Download Speed Experience, and Upload Speed Experience metrics. This marks a significant improvement from the previous report, where it held only the Games Experience sole win and shared the Upload Speed Experience award with O2.
O2 now jointly shares the Video Experience and 5G Video Experience awards with Orange, which was the sole winner in the previous report. O2 posted the largest gains in both categories, improving by six points for Video Experience and two points for 5G Video Experience.
Both operators retain the joint win of the Reliability Experience award, with identical scores of 948 points on a 100-1000 point scale. The Reliability Experience metric measures the ability of Opensignal users to connect to and successfully complete (basic) tasks on communication service providers’ networks.
Slovak Telekom secures the most awards in this report with nine wins, including six sole wins and three joint wins. O2 follows with five awards, two sole wins and three joint wins. Orange records four joint wins, while 4ka does not win any awards in this report.
In December 2025, O2 reached an agreement with Liberty Global, a converged broadband, video, and mobile services provider, to acquire its Slovak operations for approximately €95 million ($110 million). The transaction strengthens O2’s position by expanding its access to Liberty Global’s assets, adding a fixed broadband/TV footprint and supporting fixed–mobile convergence.
Orange continues to expand its 5G network, now reaching 89.7% of the country’s population, with plans to further close the coverage gap through additional rollouts. Slovak Telekom is also increasing its 5G coverage, reaching 99.1% of the country’s population by the end of last year. These continued investments highlight the growing focus on nationwide 5G availability in the Slovak market.
In this report we examine the mobile network experience of the four main mobile network operators in Slovakia — 4ka, O2, Orange and Slovak Telekom — over a period of 90 days starting on November 1, 2025, and ending on January 29, 2026, to see how they fared.
Orange and O2 share the Video Experience award with statistically tied scores of 73.8-74.1 points on a 100-point scale, leading third-placed Slovak Telekom by around one point (72.9 points). 4ka remains fourth with 62.1 points. Since the previous report, O2’s score has risen by six points, while Orange and Slovak Telekom have each increased by two points; 4ka’s score has not changed by a significant amount. Orange, Slovak Telekom and O2 are all rated Very Good (68-78), while 4ka is one category lower in Good (58-68), meaning users on Very Good networks are, on average, able to stream video at 1080p or better with satisfactory loading times and little stalling, while Good indicates streaming at 720p or better with satisfactory loading times and little stalling. Video Experience scores account for adaptive bitrate streaming (ABR), a technology that allows Opensignal to accurately represent users' real video experience including video streams up to 4K quality.
Opensignal’s Video Experience quantifies the quality of video streamed to mobile devices by measuring real-world video streams over an operator's networks. The metric is based on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach, built upon detailed studies which have derived a relationship between technical parameters, including picture quality, video loading time and stall rate, with the perceived video experience as reported by real people. To calculate video experience, we are directly measuring video streams from end-user devices and using this ITU approach to quantify the overall video experience for each operator on a scale from 0 to 100. The videos tested include a mixture of resolutions — including Full HD (FHD) and 4K / Ultra HD (UHD) — and are streamed directly from the world’s largest video content providers.
In addition to Video Experience, we report on the following metrics related to video experience:
Slovak Telekom retains the Games Experience award in this report and wins outright with 89.6 points on a 100-point scale, leading second-placed O2 by one point (88.2). Orange ranks third with 83.5 points, followed by 4ka in fourth with 78.4. Since the last report, O2 has improved by six points, Orange by five points, and both Slovak Telekom and 4ka by three points each. Slovak Telekom and O2 are rated Excellent (85 or above), while Orange and 4ka are one category lower in Good (75-85). An Excellent rating means the vast majority of users deem the network experience acceptable, with nearly all users feeling in control of the game and receiving immediate feedback on their actions, with no noticeable delay in almost all cases. A Good rating means most users deem the experience acceptable, with gameplay generally controllable and immediate feedback between actions and outcomes, and most users not experiencing a delay between their actions and the game.
Opensignal’s Games Experience measures how mobile users experience real-time multiplayer mobile gaming on an operator’s network. Measured on a scale of 0-100, it analyzes how our users’ multiplayer mobile gaming experience is affected by mobile network conditions including latency, packet loss and jitter.
Games Experience quantifies the experience when playing real-time multiplayer mobile games on mobile devices connected to servers located around the world. The approach is built on several years of research quantifying the relationship between technical network parameters and the gaming experience as reported by real mobile users. These parameters include latency (round trip time), jitter (variability of latency) and packet loss (the proportion of data packets that never reach their destination). Additionally, it considers multiple genres of multiplayer mobile games to measure the average sensitivity to network conditions. The games tested include some of the most popular real-time multiplayer mobile games (such as Fortnite, Pro Evolution Soccer and Arena of Valor) played around the world.
Calculating Games Experience starts with measuring the end-to-end experience from users’ devices to internet end-points that host real games. The score is then measured on a scale from 0 to 100.
In addition to Games Experience, we report on the following metrics related to games experience:
In the previous report, Orange won the Download Speed Experience award, but in this report Slovak Telekom takes the award outright with a score of 88.9Mbps, leading second-placed Orange (76.9Mbps) by 12Mbps. O2 ranks third with 66.8Mbps, while 4ka places fourth with 28.3Mbps. Since the last report, both O2 and Slovak Telekom have increased their scores by 30Mbps, Orange has improved by 15Mbps, and 4ka has risen by 6Mbps.
Measured in Mbps, Download Speed Experience represents the typical everyday speeds a user experiences across an operator’s mobile data networks.
In addition to Download Speed Experience, we report on the following metrics related to download speeds:
In the previous report, Slovak Telekom and O2 shared the Upload Speed Experience award, but in this report Slovak Telekom secures the award outright with 20.4Mbps, leading second-placed O2 by 2Mbps (18Mbps). Orange ranks third with 14.6Mbps and 4ka fourth with 11.2Mbps. Since the last report, upload speeds have improved across all operators, with Slovak Telekom up by 5Mbps, O2 by 3Mbps, Orange by 2Mbps and 4ka by 1Mbps.
Upload Speed Experience measures the average upload speeds for each operator observed by our users across their mobile data networks. Typically upload speeds are slower than download speeds, as current mobile broadband technologies focus resources on providing the best possible download speed for users consuming content on their devices. As mobile internet trends move away from downloading content to creating content and supporting real-time communications services, upload speeds are becoming more vital and new technologies are emerging that boost upstream capacity.
In addition to Upload Speed Experience, we report on five supporting metrics related to upload speeds:
Orange and O2 share the 5G Video Experience award with statistically tied scores of 78.6-78.8 points on a 100-point scale. They lead by around two points over third-placed Slovak Telekom on 77 points, while 4ka ranks fourth with 74.5 points. Since the last report, O2’s score has risen by two points and 4ka’s has fallen by two points, while Orange’s and Slovak Telekom’s scores have not changed by a significant amount. Orange and O2 are rated Excellent (78 or above), meaning users are on average able to stream video at 1080p or better with fast loading times and no stalling, while Slovak Telekom and 4ka are one category lower in Very Good (68-78), indicating 1080p or better streaming on average with satisfactory loading times and little stalling. These 5G Video Experience scores account for adaptive bitrate streaming (ABR), enabling Opensignal to accurately represent users’ real video experience including video streams up to 4K quality.
5G Video Experience quantifies the quality of mobile video experienced by Opensignal users on real-world video streams when they were connected to 5G. The metric is based on an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) approach, built upon detailed studies which have derived a relationship between technical parameters, including picture quality, video loading time and stall rate, with the perceived video experience as reported by real people. To calculate 5G Video Experience, we are directly measuring video streams from end-user devices and using this ITU approach to quantify the video experience observed by our users on each operator’s 5G network on a scale from 0 to 100. The videos tested include a mixture of resolutions — including Full HD (FHD) and 4K / Ultra HD (UHD) — and are streamed directly from the world’s largest video content providers.
Slovak Telekom, which won the 5G Games Experience award in the previous report, retains the award in this report, winning outright with 92.2 points on a 100-point scale and leading second-placed O2 (91.4 points) by one point. Orange ranks third with 89.1 points, while 4ka places fourth with 87.3 points. Since the previous report, Orange’s score has increased by three points and O2’s by two points, while Slovak Telekom’s and 4ka’s scores have not changed a significant amount. All operators place in the Excellent (85 or above) category, meaning the vast majority of users deem this network experience acceptable, nearly all users feel like they have control over the game and receive immediate feedback on their actions, and there is not a noticeable delay in almost all cases.
5G Games Experience measures how mobile users experience real-time multiplayer mobile gaming on an operator's 5G network. It analyzes how our users’ multiplayer mobile gaming experience was affected by mobile network conditions including latency, packet loss and jitter. 5G Games Experience for each operator is calculated on a scale from 0 to 100.
5G Games Experience quantifies the experience when playing real-time multiplayer mobile games on mobile devices connected to servers located around the world. The approach is built on several years of research quantifying the relationship between technical network parameters and the gaming experience as reported by real mobile users. These parameters include latency (round trip time), jitter (variability of latency) and packet loss (the proportion of data packets that never reach their destination). Additionally, it considers multiple genres of multiplayer mobile games to measure the average sensitivity to network conditions. The games tested include some of the most popular real-time multiplayer mobile games (such as Fortnite, Pro Evolution Soccer and Arena of Valor) played around the world. Calculating 5G Games Experience starts with measuring the end-to-end experience from users’ devices to internet end-points that host real games.
After Slovak Telekom won the 5G Download Speed award in the previous report, O2 takes the award outright in this report with a score of 229.6Mbps, leading second-placed Orange (212.7Mbps) by 17Mbps. Slovak Telekom ranks third with 176.2Mbps, followed by 4ka in fourth place with 145.5Mbps. Compared with the previous report, O2’s score has increased by 96Mbps and Orange’s by 46Mbps, while Slovak Telekom’s and 4ka’s scores haven’t changed a significant amount.
5G Download Speed shows the average download speed experienced by Opensignal users across an operator’s 5G network. 5G Download Speed for each operator is calculated in Mbps (Megabits per second).
Slovak Telekom wins the 5G Upload Speed award outright with 43.4Mbps, leading second-placed Orange by 5Mbps (38.3Mbps). O2 ranks third with 30.8Mbps, while 4ka is fourth at 24.7Mbps. Since the last report, Orange has improved by 5Mbps and O2 by 2Mbps, while Slovak Telekom has declined by 3Mbps and 4ka has not changed by a significant amount.
5G Upload Speed measures the average upload speeds experienced by Opensignal users across an operator’s 5G network. 5G Upload Speed for each operator is calculated in Mbps (Megabits per second).
Orange and Slovak Telekom win jointly with statistically tied scores of 97.8-97.9%, leading third-placed O2 (97.1%) by around one percentage point, while 4ka comes fourth with 90.7%. Prior to Q4 2025, Time on Network was referred to as Availability in Opensignal reports.
Our time on network and availability metrics are not measures of a network’s geographical extent. They won’t tell you whether you are likely to get a signal if you plan to visit a remote rural or nearly uninhabited region. Instead, they measure what proportion of time people have a network connection, in the places they most commonly frequent — something often missed by traditional coverage metrics. Looking at when users have a connection rather than where, provides us with a more precise reflection of the true user experience.
We also keep track of the instances that leave mobile users most frustrated: when there is no signal to connect to at all. The most common dead zones users struggle with occur indoors. As most of our time on network data is collected indoors (as that’s where users spend most of their time), we’re particularly astute at detecting areas of zero signal.
Our time on network and availability metrics take a user-centric, time-based approach that complements the user-centric and geographical-based methodology used by our reach metrics.
Time on Network shows the proportion of time all Opensignal users on an operator’s network had either a 3G, 4G or 5G connection.
Slovak Telekom and O2 jointly win the Time on 5G award with statistically tied scores of 19-19.9%, leading third-placed Orange (13.7%) by around six percentage points, while 4ka ranks fourth with 9.5%. Time on 5G measures the percentage of time users with a 5G device are actively connected to a 5G network bearer, indicating how often data traffic is actually carried over 5G rather than 4G. Prior to Q4 2025, Time on 5G was referred to as 5G Availability in Opensignal reports.
Our time on network and availability metrics are not measures of a network’s geographical extent. They won’t tell you whether you are likely to get a signal if you plan to visit a remote rural or nearly uninhabited region. Instead, they measure what proportion of time people have a network connection, in the places they most commonly frequent — something often missed by traditional coverage metrics. Looking at when users have a connection rather than where, provides us with a more precise reflection of the true user experience.
We also keep track of the instances that leave mobile users most frustrated: when there is no signal to connect to at all. The most common dead zones users struggle with occur indoors. As most of our time on network data is collected indoors (as that’s where users spend most of their time), we’re particularly astute at detecting areas of zero signal.
Our time on network and availability metrics take a user-centric, time-based approach that complements the user-centric and geographical-based methodology used by our reach metrics.
Time on 5G shows the proportion of time Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription utilised an active 5G connection.
Slovak Telekom wins the 5G Availability award outright with a score of 94.1%, leading second-placed Orange by eight percentage points (85.8%). O2 ranks third with 75.5%, while 4ka comes fourth with 16.7%. 5G Availability measures the percentage of time users with a 5G device and subscription detect a 5G signal, regardless of whether their data traffic is actively using 5G or remains anchored on 4G. The 5G Availability metric’s definition was updated in Q4 2025 as part of refinement of our metric framework.
Our time on network and availability metrics are not measures of a network’s geographical extent. They won’t tell you whether you are likely to get a signal if you plan to visit a remote rural or nearly uninhabited region. Instead, they measure what proportion of time people have a network connection, in the places they most commonly frequent — something often missed by traditional coverage metrics. Looking at when users have a connection rather than where, provides us with a more precise reflection of the true user experience.
We also keep track of the instances that leave mobile users most frustrated: when there is no signal to connect to at all. The most common dead zones users struggle with occur indoors. As most of our time on network data is collected indoors (as that’s where users spend most of their time), we’re particularly astute at detecting areas of zero signal.
Our time on network and availability metrics take a user-centric, time-based approach that complements the user-centric and geographical-based methodology used by our reach metrics.
5G Availability shows the proportion of time Opensignal users with a 5G device and a 5G subscription had a 5G connection, whether or not it was used.
In the previous report, Slovak Telekom won the Consistent Quality award, but in this report O2 takes the award outright with a score of 89.4%, leading second-placed Slovak Telekom (88.5%) by one percentage point. Orange ranks third with 88.2%, while 4ka is fourth with 74.7%. Compared with the previous report, O2’s score has increased by five percentage points, Orange’s by three percentage points, Slovak Telekom’s by three percentage points, and 4ka’s by one percentage point. This metric measures whether the network is sufficient to support common mobile application requirements at a level that is ‘good enough’ for users to maintain (or complete) various typical demanding tasks on their devices, assessing experience indicators including download speed, upload speed, latency, jitter, packet loss, and time to first byte.
Consistent Quality measures if the network is sufficient to support common mobile application requirements at a level that is ‘good enough’ for users to maintain (or complete) various typical tasks on their devices.
We combine different experience indicators such as download throughput, upload throughput, latency, jitter, packet discard, and time to first byte to calculate Consistent Quality. These components are evaluated against thresholds recommended by various more demanding common applications used for a range of common tasks.
To calculate the metric value, the proportion of tests that pass the requirements of Consistent Quality is multiplied by the test success ratio, which is the proportion of completed tests to all tests conducted. Tests that pass indicate that activities such as video calling, uploading an image to social media, or using smart home applications will be possible without noticeable lag or slowdown.
Orange and Slovak Telekom jointly win the Reliability Experience award with identical scores of 948 points on a 100-1000 point scale and leading third-placed O2 by seven points (O2 scores 941 points). 4ka places fourth with 866 points. Since the last report, O2’s score has increased by 31 points, Orange’s by 31 points, Slovak Telekom’s by 27 points and 4ka’s by 20 points. Opensignal’s Reliability Experience measures the ability of our users to connect to and successfully complete (basic) tasks on operators’ networks, based on % time connected (the proportion of time Opensignal users can successfully connect to a mobile network), Data Connectivity (the proportion of time when the network is available and the device can connect to the internet), Task completion (whether tasks initiated by the user’s device are completed) and Sufficiency (the probability that (basic) tasks will be executed sufficiently well for the user).
Opensignal’s Reliability Experience measures the ability of Opensignal users to connect to and successfully complete (basic) tasks on communication service providers’ (CSP) networks. It analyzes how much Opensignal users’ experience is affected by the radio access and core network, along with issues that prevent them from connecting to the internet even if they have a connection to their CSP’s network. It also factors in users’ ability to successfully use lower performance applications including SD video, over-the-top voice calls and web browsing.
Collecting billions of individual measurements daily from over 100 million devices globally, Opensignal independently analyzes mobile and broadband user experience on every major network operator around the globe.
Opensignal is the leading global provider of independent insights into consumers' connectivity experiences and choice of carrier. Our proprietary insights into mobile and broadband networks give operators the solutions they need to profitably compete and win, from executive level scorecards and public validation to pin-point level engineering analytics and consumer decision dynamics.
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For every metric we calculate statistical confidence intervals indicated on our graphs. When confidence intervals overlap, our measured results are too close to declare a winner. In those cases, we show a statistical draw. For this reason, some metrics have multiple operator winners.
In our bar graphs we represent confidence intervals as boundaries on either sides of graph bars.
In our supporting-metric charts we show confidence intervals as +/- numerical values.
Why confidence intervals are vital in analyzing mobile network experience